Imaging Flow Cytometry
Imaging flow cytometry is a powerful technique for high-throughput single-cell analysis.
Imaging flow cytometry is a powerful technique for high-throughput single-cell analysis. It provides comprehensive analysis and in-depth imagery of every individual cell and is used in applications such as cancer screening.
Blood cells are aligned in a microfluidic channel and scanned by an ultrafast pulsed laser beam, and the output is captured by high-performance digitizers via photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Both the flow speed and image quality are superior to conventional CMOS-based approaches, and due to the high throughput single-cell analysis and characterization enable high statistical accuracy by millions of captured cell images.
What to consider when selecting a digitizer for flow cytometry
High dynamic range is required to achieve superior image quality
High sampling rate enables high microfluidic channel flow rate and system-level throughput
Open FPGA is crucial for real-time image pre-processing
High data transfer rate is needed in order to support high-speed image post-processing and data storage
Peer-to-peer GPU streaming offers additional benefits for cell characterization
Further Reading / Next Steps
See how University of Hong Kong (HKU) achieved line scan rates of 10M lines/s using ADQ7DC here
For a list of key benefits and specifications please visit the ADQ7DC product page here
For information about the optional firmware packages and development kit see here
Swept-source OCT
Swept-source OCT is a non-invasive medical imaging technology for a wide range of applications.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) is a non-invasive interferometric imaging technique used in both medical and industrial applications. Examples of end-use include ophthalmology (diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders), industrial defect inspection, in-vivo cancer imaging, cardiovascular and more. SS-OCT systems utilize a swept-source laser that repeatedly emits laser light with sweeping (varying) wavelength. A single sweep is referred to as an A-scan, and a high scan rate is desirable to support a large scanning area while limiting unwanted artifacts originating from for example eye movement. Multiple A-scans are performed at different locations to produce slice (2D) or volume (3D) scans, referred to as B-scan and C-scan respectively. Existing SS-OCT systems commonly operate at either 1060 nm or 1310 nm center wavelength and support A-scan rates in the range of 100 to 400 kHz. The laser source often includes an A-scan trigger output that is connected to the digitizer's trigger input. |
|
Wavenumber and k-clock
The swept-source laser wavelength is incremented or decremented within each A-scan. For example, the wavelength may change from 1010 nm to 1110 nm in 4096 steps. The step size is non-linear and increase (or decrease) with wavelength. A specific wavelength is identified by its so-called wavenumber, denoted k, and many lasers offer an output signal called k-clock or k-trigger. This clock is often created using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and is utilized by the digitizer to acquire one sample for each wavelength. Due to its non-linear nature, the k-clock frequency varies during the A-scan and can for example span frequencies from 400 to 600 MHz.
Direct clocking versus k-clock remapping
Some SS-OCT systems utilize the k-clock as an external clock to the digitizer, however, this approach has many disadvantages:
A better approach is to connect both the k-clock and the OCT signal to analog inputs on the digitizer. Both signals are then digitized simultaneously by the ADCs, while the digitizer is clocked with an internal or external stable high-precision source in order to maximize analog acquisition performance. A-scan and B-scan trigger outputs from the laser can optionally be connected to trigger inputs on the digitizer for synchronization. These trigger inputs support A-/B-scan trigger rates up to 10 MHz pulse repetition frequency. |  |
The k-clock is nonuniform with varying frequency.
K-clock remapping or resampling is a computational method used to extract the desired SS-OCT samples. The remapping typically includes interpolation that helps estimate the OCT input amplitude at K-clock zero-crossing instances. Interpolation and estimation are performed in real-time inside the digitizer’s onboard FPGA. This principle is illustrated in the figure below.
Teledyne SP Devices’ real-time k-space remapping firmware, FWOCT, is currently available for evaluation by selected customers. More information will be made available soon, meanwhile please contact your local sales representative for additional information and/or to request evaluation.
Results using ADQ32 with FWOCT
Figure 1. Results of k-space remapping in FWOCT using k-clock rising edge
Improvements when using interpolation by 1.5 times
Figure 2. Results of k-space remapping in FWOCT using 1.5x k-clock interpolation. With extended
depth, you can see the posterior surface of the eye's lens.
Teledyne SP Devices offer both stand-alone firmware packages as well as firmware development kits:
배송안내
배송 지역 | 대한민국 전지역
배송비 | 2,500원 (50,000원 이상 결제시 무료배송)
배송기간 | 주말 공휴일 제외 2~5일
- 모든 배송은 택배사 사정으로 지연될 수 있습니다.
교환 및 반품 안내
- 고객 변심으로 인한 교환/반품은 상품 수령 후 14일 이내 가능합니다.
- 고객 귀책 사유로 인한 반품의 경우 왕복 택배비는 고객 부담입니다.
- 반품접수 기한이 지난 경우, 제품 및 패키지 훼손, 사용 흔적이 있는 제품은 교환/반품이 불가합니다.
Imaging Flow Cytometry
Imaging flow cytometry is a powerful technique for high-throughput single-cell analysis.
Imaging flow cytometry is a powerful technique for high-throughput single-cell analysis. It provides comprehensive analysis and in-depth imagery of every individual cell and is used in applications such as cancer screening.
Blood cells are aligned in a microfluidic channel and scanned by an ultrafast pulsed laser beam, and the output is captured by high-performance digitizers via photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Both the flow speed and image quality are superior to conventional CMOS-based approaches, and due to the high throughput single-cell analysis and characterization enable high statistical accuracy by millions of captured cell images.
What to consider when selecting a digitizer for flow cytometry
High dynamic range is required to achieve superior image quality
High sampling rate enables high microfluidic channel flow rate and system-level throughput
Open FPGA is crucial for real-time image pre-processing
High data transfer rate is needed in order to support high-speed image post-processing and data storage
Peer-to-peer GPU streaming offers additional benefits for cell characterization
Further Reading / Next Steps
See how University of Hong Kong (HKU) achieved line scan rates of 10M lines/s using ADQ7DC here
For a list of key benefits and specifications please visit the ADQ7DC product page here
For information about the optional firmware packages and development kit see here
Swept-source OCT
Swept-source OCT is a non-invasive medical imaging technology for a wide range of applications.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) is a non-invasive interferometric imaging technique used in both medical and industrial applications. Examples of end-use include ophthalmology (diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders), industrial defect inspection, in-vivo cancer imaging, cardiovascular and more. SS-OCT systems utilize a swept-source laser that repeatedly emits laser light with sweeping (varying) wavelength. A single sweep is referred to as an A-scan, and a high scan rate is desirable to support a large scanning area while limiting unwanted artifacts originating from for example eye movement. Multiple A-scans are performed at different locations to produce slice (2D) or volume (3D) scans, referred to as B-scan and C-scan respectively. Existing SS-OCT systems commonly operate at either 1060 nm or 1310 nm center wavelength and support A-scan rates in the range of 100 to 400 kHz. The laser source often includes an A-scan trigger output that is connected to the digitizer's trigger input. |
|
Wavenumber and k-clock
The swept-source laser wavelength is incremented or decremented within each A-scan. For example, the wavelength may change from 1010 nm to 1110 nm in 4096 steps. The step size is non-linear and increase (or decrease) with wavelength. A specific wavelength is identified by its so-called wavenumber, denoted k, and many lasers offer an output signal called k-clock or k-trigger. This clock is often created using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and is utilized by the digitizer to acquire one sample for each wavelength. Due to its non-linear nature, the k-clock frequency varies during the A-scan and can for example span frequencies from 400 to 600 MHz.
Direct clocking versus k-clock remapping
Some SS-OCT systems utilize the k-clock as an external clock to the digitizer, however, this approach has many disadvantages:
A better approach is to connect both the k-clock and the OCT signal to analog inputs on the digitizer. Both signals are then digitized simultaneously by the ADCs, while the digitizer is clocked with an internal or external stable high-precision source in order to maximize analog acquisition performance. A-scan and B-scan trigger outputs from the laser can optionally be connected to trigger inputs on the digitizer for synchronization. These trigger inputs support A-/B-scan trigger rates up to 10 MHz pulse repetition frequency. | |
The k-clock is nonuniform with varying frequency.
K-clock remapping or resampling is a computational method used to extract the desired SS-OCT samples. The remapping typically includes interpolation that helps estimate the OCT input amplitude at K-clock zero-crossing instances. Interpolation and estimation are performed in real-time inside the digitizer’s onboard FPGA. This principle is illustrated in the figure below.
Teledyne SP Devices’ real-time k-space remapping firmware, FWOCT, is currently available for evaluation by selected customers. More information will be made available soon, meanwhile please contact your local sales representative for additional information and/or to request evaluation.
Results using ADQ32 with FWOCT
Figure 1. Results of k-space remapping in FWOCT using k-clock rising edge
Improvements when using interpolation by 1.5 times
Figure 2. Results of k-space remapping in FWOCT using 1.5x k-clock interpolation. With extended
depth, you can see the posterior surface of the eye's lens.
Teledyne SP Devices offer both stand-alone firmware packages as well as firmware development kits:
배송안내
배송 지역 | 대한민국 전지역
배송비 | 2,500원 (50,000원 이상 결제시 무료배송)
배송기간 | 주말 공휴일 제외 2~5일
- 모든 배송은 택배사 사정으로 지연될 수 있습니다.
교환 및 반품 안내
- 고객 변심으로 인한 교환/반품은 상품 수령 후 14일 이내 가능합니다.
- 고객 귀책 사유로 인한 반품의 경우 왕복 택배비는 고객 부담입니다.
- 반품접수 기한이 지난 경우, 제품 및 패키지 훼손, 사용 흔적이 있는 제품은 교환/반품이 불가합니다.
